1. Review Chapter 17 Outline: Foundations of Christian Society in Western Europe
    1. Who is Charlemagne?
    2. What is a Manor?
    3. What is the Papacy?
    4. Define Monasticism .
  2. Chapter 20: Introduction
    1. Who is Marco Polo?
    2. What brought Cultural and Religious unity to most of Europe?
  1. The establishment of regional states
    1. The Holy Roman Empire
      1. Who is Otto I and what did he establish?
      2. What was the Investiture contest?
      3. Frederick Barbarossa
        • Who forced Barbarossa to relinquish his rights in Lombardy?
      4. What was Voltaire's quote concerning the Holy Roman Empire?
      5. Did the Holy Roman Empire restore imperial unity to western Europe?
    2. Regional monarchies in France and England
      1. Who founded Capetian monarhcy inFrance and how long did it last?
      2. Who were the founders of the British Monarchy?
        1. Who successfully invaded England in 1066?
    3. Regional states in Italy and Iberia
      1. Whoruled a good-sized territory in central Italy?
      2. Name some of the Prosperous northern Italian city-states?
      3. Who did the Normans defeat and what did they bring to Southern Italy?
      4. Christian and Muslim states in Iberia
        1. Who ruled most of the Iberian eninsula, eighth to the eleventh centuries?
        2. Who took over most of the peninsula (except Granada) by late thirteenth century? (
  1. Economic growth and social development
    1. Explain the reasons for the Growth of the agricultural economy?
      • What is one of the results of increased Agriculutral productions?

    2. The revival of towns and trade
      1. Independent cities: urban populations increasingly resisted demands of feudal nobles
      2. By the early thirteenth what had come to control much of the urban economy of Medieval Europe?
      3. What began to play a major role in European economic and social development?
      4. What type of manufacturing was popular in northern Italy and Flanders?
      5. Who dominated Mediterranean trade and established colonies?
      6. What was The Hanseatic League?
      7. Describe the improved business techniques that enabled large scale trade?
    3. Social changes
      1. What were The three estates?
      2. What is Chivalry?
      3. Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine and who did she support?

      4. Explain what is a Guild. What role did women play in a guild?
  2. European Christianity during the high middle ages
    1. Schools, Universities, and scholastic theology
      1. Describe the early schools?
      2. Who had the most influence on schooling?
      3. What is Scholasticism?
    2. Popular religion
      1. What are Sacraments and which one was the most popular?
      2. Who was the most popular saints?
    3. Reform movements and popular heresies
      1. What groups championed spirtual over materialistic values within the Catholic Church?
      2. What was a Popular heresy?
  3. The Medieval Expansion of Europe
    1. Atlantic and Baltic Colonization
      1. What lands did the Vikings colonize?
      2. When did Denmark and Norway convert to Christianity?
    2. Who reconquered Sicily and Spain to Christianity?
      3. Explain the The reconquista of Spain?
    3. The crusades
      1. Who launched the crusades in 1095?
      2. Describe the first crusade?
      3. Later crusades
        1. Which crusade conquered Constantinople?
        2. Did the Crusades take over Palestine from the Muslims?
      4. What were some of the consequences of the crusades?