1. Independence in Asia
    Paragraph Summary:
    1. India's "vivisection": partitioned independence
      1. Indian self-rule

      2. Partition of India and ensuing violence


      3. Conflicts between India and Pakistan

      4. Nonalignment emerged as attractive alternative to a cold war alliance

    2. Nationalist struggles in Vietnam
      1. Fighting the French

      2. Geneva Conference and partial independence, 1954


      3. Cold war stalemate


    3. Arab national states and the problem of Palestine
      1. Arab states, except Palestine, gained independence after World War II


      2. Zionist dream of a Jewish state in Palestine

      3. Conflicts between Arab Palestinians and Jewish settlers, 1920s and 1930s

      4. Creation of Israel


      5. Egypt and Arab nationalism


      6. Suez crisis, 1956, greatly enhanced Nasser's prestige

  2. Decolonizatio n in Africa
    Section Paragraph Summary




    1. Forcing the French out of north Africa
      1. France in Africa



      2. War in Algeria, 1954-1962



      3. Revolutionary writer Franz Fanon urged violence as weapon against colonial racism



    2. Black African nationalism and independence
      1. Growth of African nationalism


      2. Obstacles to African independence



    3. Freedom and conflict in sub-Sahara Africa
      1. Ghana (Gold Coast) first to gain independence, 1957


      2. Anticolonial rebellion in Kenya


  3. After independence: long-term struggles in the postcolonial era
    Section Paragraph Summary
    1. Communism and democracy in Asia
      1. Mao reunified China under communism

       

      1. Great proletarian cultural revolution, 1966--1976



      2. Deng's revolution

      3. Stable Indian democracy was exception to Asian pattern of authoritarian rule


    2. Islamic resurgence in southwest Asia and north Africa
      1. Muslim revival and Arab disunity

      2. Islamism: revival of Muslim traditions


      3. The Iranian revolution, 1979

      4. Iran-Iraq war, 1980-1988

    3. Politics and Economics in Latin America
      1. Mexico after the revolution of 1910-1920

      2. Argentina: return to military rule


      3. Guatemala: destabilized


      4. Nicaragua: American interference

      5. Patterns of economic dependence in Latin America


    4. War and peace in sub-Saharan Africa
      1. Aftermath of decolonization

      2. Transformation of South Africa

      3. Apartheid: harsh legal system imposed in 1948, designed to keep races separate

      4. Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire)

         

      5. Developing economies of Africa

      Chapter Summary