Chapter 22:
Reaching Out: Cross-Cultural Interactions

Chp. 18 (Week 5) | Chp. 19 (Week 6) | Chp. 20 (Week 7) |
Chp. 21 (Week 8) | Chp. 22 (Week 9)

Homework

• Feudalism Essay: Due Monday
• Outline Chapter 22 (Cornell Notes): Due Thursday
• Answer Big Picture Questions: Chapter 22.
• Vocabulary: Chapter 22.
  • Define each term and identify significance.
  • Write the page number on the card. Due: Thursday.
• Chapter 22: Practice Quiz.
• Chapter 22 Quiz on Tuesday next week.

Long–Distance Trade and Travel

What are the reasons for long Distance Travel?

1. Trade: There were three main trade routes from Europe to the East Asia:
• Northern Route (Silk Road and Marco Polo): Through the Black Sea across the central Asian Steppes.
• Middle Route: From Palestine to Baghdad by land to Samarkand and China or by sea down the Tigrus River through the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean. Closed when the last Italians were pushed out of Palestine at the end of the Crusades.
• Southern Route (Controlled by Egypt): Through Egypt to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.
2. Diplomacy
3. Missionary Campaigns

• Results: Long-distance Travel and Cross-cultural Exchanges
  • Technological Diffusion:
    1. Compass,
    2. Gunpowder
  • Agricultural Diffusion:
    1. Spread of crops in sub-Saharan Africa through Muslim travelers.
    2. Sugarcane spread from East to the Mediterranean basin. (Slave labor used on plantations.)

Crisis and Recovery

• Bubonic Plague

• Recovery in China: The Ming Dynasty
• Recovery in Western Europe: State Building
• Recovery in Western Europe: The Renaissance

Exploration and Colonization

• The Chinese Reconnaissance of the Indian Ocean Basin
• Zheng He's Expeditions:

  During his 28 year naval career, Admiral Zheng visited 37 countries, traveled around the tip of Africa into the Atlantic Ocean and commanded a single fleet whose numbers surpassed the combined fleets of all Europe. Between 1405 and 1433, at least 317 ships and 37,000 men were under his command. The flagship of the fleet was a nine-masted vessel measuring 440 feet, nearly 1.5 times the length of a football fields. Traveling with him was Sanbao who created a set of 24 maps praised for their accuracy. Zheng's journeys also stimulated a number of important maritime inventions, including central rudders, watertight compartments and various new types of sails. Perhaps more importantly, his voyages demonstrated the power of the Chinese civilization and yielded many important liasons between China and other nations.
  From Admiral Zheng's Fleet: http://www.oceansonline.com/zheng.htm
  
  

  Zheng He's treasure ship (400 hundred feet) and Columbus's St. Maria (85 feet). (Illustration by Jan Adkins, 1993.)

• European Exploration in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

Links

• Anti-Semitic Legends
• Jewish Expulsion from Western Europe at the time of the Black Death.
• The Black Death: Bubonic Plague and Black Death Spreads
• The on set of the Black Death by Boccaccio.
• Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince
• Chinese Mariner Zheng He.
• Time Asian Journey 2001: Zheng He.
• Admiral of the Western Seas: Zheng He.
• Map of Zheng's Travels.